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这就是",[272,407,408],{},"虚假精确性","——在共享的不完美英语中运作的关键成本。",[295,411],{},[298,413,415],{"id":414},"失败模式2细节的自我审查","失败模式2——细节的自我审查",[263,417,418],{},"最有可能知道答案的人往往是最不具备用工作语言表达的能力的人。",[263,420,421,422,427,428,431],{},"Volk、Köhler和Pudelko回顾了跨国公司L2处理的认知神经科学文献，报告了当专业人员用非母语操作时，工作记忆、处理速度和情绪调节的可测量额外负荷（",[313,423,426],{"href":424,"rel":425},"https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2014.26",[317],"《大脑流失：跨国公司外语处理的认知神经科学》，《国际商业研究杂志》，2014年","）。在这种负荷下首先消失的是",[272,429,430],{},"细节","——母语使用者不假思索地使用的限定词、模糊表达、条件从句和反驳论证。",[263,433,434,435,353,438,443,444,449],{},"可观察到的后果在国际商业文献中有记录：在母语会议中会主导讨论的高级主题专家在被迫用英语操作时成为",[266,436,437],{},"房间里最安静的人",[313,439,442],{"href":440,"rel":441},"https://hbr.org/2012/05/global-business-speaks-english",[317],"Tsedal Neeley，《全球商业说英语》，《哈佛商业评论》，2012年","；Neeley，《",[313,445,448],{"href":446,"rel":447},"https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691175522/the-language-of-global-success",[317],"全球成功的语言","》，普林斯顿大学出版社，2017年）。他们保持沉默不是因为没有什么可补充的。他们保持沉默是因为用英语表达他们真实观点的成本——找到正确的动词时态、不显得回避地模糊表达、不显得软弱地限定——超过了保持沉默的成本。",[263,451,452],{},"然后决定由能够流利表达自己的人做出。而他们通常不是最了解情况的人。",[263,454,455,456,459,460,379,465],{},"Hinds、Neeley和Cramton称这为",[272,457,458],{},"语言作为避雷针","：语言熟练度成为地位的代理，地位决定谁说话（",[313,461,464],{"href":462,"rel":463},"https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2013.62",[317],"《语言作为避雷针》，《国际商业研究杂志》，2014年",[266,466,467],{},"房间里最有知识的人成为最不善言辞的人。",[295,469],{},[298,471,473],{"id":472},"失败模式3流利性胜过权威性","失败模式3——流利性胜过权威性",[263,475,476],{},"在任何用共同英语进行的谈判中，说英语的一方在交换任何实质内容之前就拥有优势。非母语一方将部分认知预算花在语言产生上；母语一方将全部认知预算花在实质内容上。",[263,478,479],{},"这是可测量的处理不对称，而不是性格效应。上面引用的神经科学综述报告，当同一个人用L2而不是L1操作时，在等效任务上有大约20-30%的工作记忆损失。转化到实际谈判中：非母语一方可能在70%的认知预算上运行，而母语一方在全部认知预算上运行。",[263,481,482,483,486,487,490,491,494],{},"可见的后果不是非母语一方说话",[272,484,485],{},"更少","。后果是非母语一方",[266,488,489],{},"更多地同意","。模糊表达消失了。\"我认为我们可能可以考虑\"变成了\"好的\"。母语一方得到了想要的措辞；非母语一方感觉得到了",[272,492,493],{},"大部分","想要的内容；差距只在几周后的合同审查中才显现。",[263,496,497],{},"这是语言税中最难在当时看到、事后修复最昂贵的部分。",[295,499],{},[298,501,503],{"id":502},"最有力的证据当凑合够用的英语真的致命时","最有力的证据：当\"凑合够用\"的英语真的致命时",[263,505,506],{},"上述三种失败模式在研究文献中得到了充分证实，但持怀疑态度的读者可以将它们视为关于感受的软科学发现。支持这一论点的最有力证据来自两个领域，在这些领域中，第二语言英语已经与硬性结果进行了测量——监管机构已经基于数据显示的内容采取了行动。",[508,509,511],"h3",{"id":510},"航空icao监管问题时","航空——ICAO监管问题时",[263,513,514,517,518,521,522,525,526,379],{},[266,515,516],{},"特内里费，1977年3月27日。"," 一架KLM 747和一架Pan Am 747在Los Rodeos机场跑道相撞。583人死亡——仍然是航空史上最严重的事故。调查确定了几个促成原因，包括非标准无线电交换。KLM机长Van Zanten在沉重的时间压力下用第二语言英语操作，告诉塔台*\"我们现在，呃，在起飞。\"* 塔台用*\"好的\"",[272,519,520],{},"确认。Van Zanten的措辞在","\"我们处于起飞位置\"",[272,523,524],{},"和","\"我们正在起飞过程中\"*之间存在歧义；Pan Am机组，也是第二语言英语使用者，仍在跑道上。ICAO和国家当局的后续改革引入了标准化措辞，专门消除这类歧义（",[313,527,530],{"href":528,"rel":529},"https://skybrary.aero/accidents-and-incidents/b742-b741-tenerife-airport-spain-1977",[317],"西班牙航空管理局最终报告；SKYbrary案例研究",[263,532,533,536,537,540,541,544,545,379],{},[266,534,535],{},"Avianca 052，1990年1月25日。"," 一架波音707燃油耗尽，在纽约Cove Neck附近坠毁，73人死亡。机组人员用第二语言英语与纽约空管操作，报告*\"燃油用完\"",[272,538,539],{},"——这个短语在ICAO标准措辞中不存在，空管也没有将其解释为宣布紧急情况。从未使用标准术语","\"燃油紧急\"",[272,542,543],{},"或","\"最低燃油\"*。NTSB的最终报告将机组人员未能使用标准措辞确定为可能原因之一（",[313,546,549],{"href":547,"rel":548},"https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR9104.pdf",[317],"NTSB飞机事故报告AAR-91/04",[263,551,552,555,556,559,560,563,564,379],{},[266,553,554],{},"监管回应。"," 2003年，ICAO采用了",[266,557,558],{},"语言熟练度要求（LPRs）","——附件1（人员执照）和附件10（航空电信）——使经证明的英语熟练度成为全球国际机组和空中交通管制员的执照要求。定义了六级评级标准；",[266,561,562],{},"第4级（\"操作级\"）是国际操作的最低要求","。低于第4级，执照对国际飞行无效。实施截止日期是2008年3月（",[313,565,568],{"href":566,"rel":567},"https://www.icao.int/safety/lpr/Pages/default.aspx",[317],"ICAO Doc 9835，《ICAO语言熟练度要求实施手册》",[263,570,571,572],{},"监管机构的推理正是本文的论点，写入了具有约束力的国际法：",[272,573,574],{},"在高风险沟通中，\"凑合够用\"水平的非母语英语是不安全的；要么每个人都在定义的操作标准下说该语言，要么他们不能驾驶飞机。",[508,576,578],{"id":577},"医学当比较是可测量的时","医学——当比较是可测量的时",[263,580,581,582,585,586,589],{},"另一个有硬性结果的领域是医学翻译，这里的比较更加清晰：同一临床接触，同一患者，",[272,583,584],{},"有","与",[272,587,588],{},"没有","训练有素的翻译员。",[263,591,592,593,379],{},"Glenn Flores及其同事录音记录了两个儿科急诊科中57次与说西班牙语的英语水平有限患者的急诊科接触，并计算了每个翻译错误及其潜在临床后果（",[313,594,597],{"href":595,"rel":596},"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2012.01.025",[317],"Flores等，《医学翻译错误及其潜在临床后果：专业翻译员与临时翻译员与无翻译员的比较》，《急诊医学年鉴》，2012年",[263,599,600],{},"主要发现：",[384,602,603,610,615,625],{},[387,604,605,606,609],{},"在57次接触中确定了",[266,607,608],{},"1,884个翻译错误","。",[387,611,612],{},[266,613,614],{},"18%的所有错误具有潜在临床后果。",[387,616,617,618,621,622,609],{},"当使用",[266,619,620],{},"受过≥100小时培训的专业翻译员","时，临床后果错误率降至",[266,623,624],{},"12%",[387,626,627,630,631,634,635,638,639,634,642,645,646,609],{},[266,628,629],{},"受过\u003C100小时培训的专业翻译员","的比率为",[266,632,633],{},"22%","，",[266,636,637],{},"临时翻译员","（家庭成员、未受训练的双语工作人员）为",[266,640,641],{},"20%",[266,643,644],{},"完全没有翻译员","为",[266,647,641],{},[263,649,650,651,654,655,658],{},"从中可以读出两点。首先：由听起来流利的双语人士进行的临时翻译（不是训练有素的翻译员）在临床后果率上的表现",[266,652,653],{},"不比完全没有翻译员好","。流利性并不转化为重要部分的准确性。其次：保护效应只有在翻译超过",[272,656,657],{},"定义的培训阈值","后才会发挥作用——与ICAO第4级完全相同的监管模式。在这些数据中，\"凑合够用\"不是一个存在的类别。要么你越过阈值，要么你没有。",[263,660,661,662,667],{},"同一作者的早期工作已经在初级保健中显示了相同的模式（",[313,663,666],{"href":664,"rel":665},"https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.111.1.6",[317],"Flores等，《儿科接触中医学翻译错误及其潜在临床后果》，《儿科学》，2003年","）。2012年的研究将其量化为与定义的能力标准的对比。",[508,669,670],{"id":670},"这为什么在会议室很重要",[263,672,673],{},"会议室不是驾驶舱，也不是急诊科。每分钟的风险更低；后果在几个月而不是几秒钟内到达；成本是美元和声誉而不是生命。",[263,675,676,677,680],{},"但",[272,678,679],{},"机制","是相同的。在共享的不完美语言中操作的非母语使用者发出听起来流利但语义内容已经改变的话语；听众接收流利性作为准确性的信号；在发出时刻没有检测到差距；只有当建立在其上的人工制品（程序、调度指令、合同条款）对照现实执行时，差距才会显现，并发现意思与房间相信的不同。",[263,682,683,684,687],{},"航空和医学对会议室很重要，因为它们是运行这一机制的成本被",[272,685,686],{},"量化","的两个领域，监管机构同意这是不可接受的。它们是这一论点的自然实验。",[295,689],{},[298,691,693],{"id":692},"商业中的成本有数据的地方","商业中的成本——有数据的地方",[263,695,696],{},"商业没有具有相同科学清晰度的特内里费或Flores研究。它有的是调查数据——自我报告的、混合机制的，但是大规模的。",[263,698,699,702],{},[266,700,701],{},"《经济学人》智库，2012年。"," 对51个国家的500多名高级管理人员的调查——《跨越边界竞争：文化和沟通障碍如何影响商业》。发现包括：",[384,704,705,710,715],{},[387,706,707],{},[266,708,709],{},"49%的受访者报告误解已经阻碍了重大国际交易，给他们的公司造成了重大损失。",[387,711,712],{},[266,713,714],{},"64%的受访者报告语言和文化差异使得在不熟悉的市场立足变得困难。",[387,716,717],{},[266,718,719],{},"67%的受访者报告沟通不畅正在干扰他们的国际商业努力。",[263,721,722,723,726],{},"报告没有清晰地分离\"语言沟通错误\"和\"文化沟通错误\"，但对于报告",[272,724,725],{},"重大交易失败","的一半受访者，即使内部机制是混合的，成本线也是真实的。商业文献缺乏医学所拥有的受控\"有vs无翻译员\"比较，以及航空所拥有的监管支撑——但潜在机制是更清晰的文献已经确定的机制。",[295,728],{},[298,730,732],{"id":731},"但在l2中操作不会让人成为更好的决策者吗","\"但在L2中操作不会让人成为更好的决策者吗？\"",[263,734,735,736,738,739,744,745,748,749,751],{},"对本文论点的最有力的已发表反驳是",[266,737,292],{},"，由芝加哥大学的Keysar、Hayakawa和An证明（",[313,740,743],{"href":741,"rel":742},"https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797611432178",[317],"《外语效应：用外语思考减少决策偏见》，《心理科学》，2012年","）。他们的实验表明，当人们用",[272,746,747],{},"第二语言","考虑经典决策理论问题——框架效应、损失厌恶、亚洲疾病问题时，与用L1考虑同样问题相比，他们表现出",[266,750,485],{},"的标准认知偏见。后续工作已经在多种语言对和决策偏见范式中复制了这一效应（另见Costa等，《认知》，2014年）。",[263,753,754],{},"这是一个真实的发现。那么为什么它不能反驳这个论点？",[263,756,757],{},"三个原因：",[759,760,761,771,781],"ol",{},[387,762,763,766,767,770],{},[266,764,765],{},"外语效应关于个人推理，而不是多方沟通。"," Keysar等测量的是当一个人在头脑中独自决定问题时，用他们的L2，没有听众也没有沟通伙伴时会发生什么。本文中的三种失败模式都是",[272,768,769],{},"互动","的属性——虚假精确性、自我审查和流利性-权威性梯度只存在于房间里有多个人的情况下。外语效应完全不涉及那个领域。",[387,772,773,776,777,780],{},[266,774,775],{},"该效应作用于情绪/启发式偏见，而不是语义准确性。"," 机制是L2创造与问题框架的情感距离，因此听众回退到更分析性的（系统2）处理。对减少损失厌恶有用。对",[272,778,779],{},"传输","合同条款而不产生语义漂移没有用，而这正是会议室在做的事情。",[387,782,783,786],{},[266,784,785],{},"航空和医学监管机构已经将两种效应相互权衡过了。"," ICAO和医学翻译文献都知道L2推理文献的存在。两个领域都没有决定偏见减少的好处值得虚假精确性的成本。两者都采取了相反的方式：定义熟练度标准，执行标准，并要求低于标准的每个人使用翻译员或标准化措辞。",[263,788,789,790,793,794,797],{},"诚实的总结：在L2中操作使",[272,791,792],{},"你","——独自在头脑中——在某些框架任务上稍微更理性。它使",[272,795,796],{},"你所在的房间","不太能够准确传输信息。外语效应是个体认知的属性；上述三种失败模式是多方沟通的属性。它们不会抵消。",[295,799],{},[298,801,803],{"id":802},"为什么凑合够用的机器翻译不能解决任何问题","为什么\"凑合够用\"的机器翻译不能解决任何问题",[263,805,806],{},"在英语会议之上插入的通用机器翻译层不能解决三种失败模式中的任何一个，在某些配置中甚至使它们变得更糟：",[384,808,809,815,825],{},[387,810,811,814],{},[266,812,813],{},"虚假精确性加剧。"," 凑合够用的MT层也会发出听起来流利的输出，现在叠加在听起来流利的非母语英语之上。两层未经验证的流利性将源意图与听众理解分离。",[387,816,817,820,821,824],{},[266,818,819],{},"自我审查持续存在。"," 如果会议的工作语言仍然是英语，翻译只为",[272,822,823],{},"听众","服务，说话者仍然承担L2成本。他们仍然丢弃细节。翻译管道忠实地保留了损失。",[387,826,827,830],{},[266,828,829],{},"流利性-权威性梯度翻转，但没有平坦化。"," 调校不良的翻译层只是将优势转移给在其角落拥有最佳引擎的人，而不是最了解情况的人。",[263,832,833,834,837],{},"解决方案不是\"在英语会议之上添加翻译\"。解决方案是消除",[272,835,836],{},"任何","参与者在他们不完全拥有的语言中操作的要求。这是一个不同的架构选择——也是我们正在构建的方向。",[295,839],{},[298,841,842],{"id":842},"当每个参与者都说自己的母语时会发生什么变化",[263,844,845],{},"结构性变化很容易陈述，但很难设计：",[759,847,848,854,860],{},[387,849,850,853],{},[266,851,852],{},"每个参与者说自己的母语","——没有L2认知负荷，没有细节丢失，没有自我审查。",[387,855,856,859],{},[266,857,858],{},"每个参与者以自己的母语听到每个其他参与者","，具有亚秒级延迟和保持的语调。",[387,861,862,865,866,870],{},[266,863,864],{},"翻译层是可审计的","：源话语、目标话语、按语言导出的转录本作为单一捆绑包，按语言对质量测量并",[313,867,869],{"href":868},"/benchmark","每月在真实流量上发布","，而不是作为营销数字声明。",[263,872,873,874,877],{},"所有三种失败模式都与",[272,875,876],{},"同一","要求相关——房间里的某个人在共享的不完美语言中操作。消除该要求就会一起消除它们。在该要求之上添加翻译则不会。",[263,879,880],{},"这就是下一类跨国会议工具必须测量的差异。航空监管机构没有接受\"每个人都说相当不错的英语\"作为答案。医学监管机构也没有。会议室不应该是最后一个这样做的领域。",[295,882],{},[298,884,885],{"id":885},"推荐阅读",[263,887,888],{},"本文的关键来源，大致按使用顺序：",[263,890,891],{},[266,892,893],{},"关于认知和社会机制",[384,895,896,906,916,926,936,946,956],{},[387,897,898,899,905],{},"Lev-Ari, S., & Keysar, B. (2010). ",[313,900,902],{"href":356,"rel":901},[317],[272,903,904],{},"为什么我们不相信非母语使用者？"," 《实验社会心理学杂志》，46(6)，1093–1096。",[387,907,908,909,915],{},"Tenzer, H., Pudelko, M., & Harzing, A.-W. (2014). ",[313,910,912],{"href":376,"rel":911},[317],[272,913,914],{},"语言障碍对跨国团队信任形成的影响。"," 《国际商业研究杂志》，45(5)，508–535。",[387,917,918,919,925],{},"Hinds, P. J., Neeley, T. B., & Cramton, C. D. (2014). ",[313,920,922],{"href":462,"rel":921},[317],[272,923,924],{},"语言作为避雷针：全球团队中的权力竞争、情绪调节和子群动态。"," 《国际商业研究杂志》，45(5)，536–561。",[387,927,928,929,935],{},"Volk, S., Köhler, T., & Pudelko, M. (2014). ",[313,930,932],{"href":424,"rel":931},[317],[272,933,934],{},"大脑流失：跨国公司外语处理的认知神经科学。"," 《国际商业研究杂志》，45(7)，862–885。",[387,937,938,939,945],{},"Neeley, T. (2012). ",[313,940,942],{"href":440,"rel":941},[317],[272,943,944],{},"全球商业说英语。"," 《哈佛商业评论》。",[387,947,948,949,955],{},"Neeley, T. (2017). ",[313,950,952],{"href":446,"rel":951},[317],[272,953,954],{},"全球成功的语言。"," 普林斯顿大学出版社。",[387,957,958,959,965],{},"Keysar, B., Hayakawa, S. L., & An, S. G. (2012). ",[313,960,962],{"href":741,"rel":961},[317],[272,963,964],{},"外语效应：用外语思考减少决策偏见。"," 《心理科学》，23(6)，661–668。",[263,967,968],{},[266,969,970],{},"航空",[384,972,973,983,992],{},[387,974,975,976,982],{},"ICAO. ",[313,977,979],{"href":566,"rel":978},[317],[272,980,981],{},"ICAO语言熟练度要求实施手册（Doc 9835）。"," 国际民用航空组织。",[387,984,985,986],{},"NTSB. ",[313,987,989],{"href":547,"rel":988},[317],[272,990,991],{},"哥伦比亚阿维安卡航空公司，波音707-321B，HK 2016，燃油耗尽，纽约Cove Neck，1990年1月25日（AAR-91/04）。",[387,993,994,995],{},"SKYbrary. ",[313,996,998],{"href":528,"rel":997},[317],[272,999,1000],{},"1977年特内里费机场灾难——事故案例研究。",[263,1002,1003],{},[266,1004,1005],{},"医学",[384,1007,1008,1018],{},[387,1009,1010,1011,1017],{},"Flores, G., Abreu, M., Barone, C. P., Bachur, R., & Lin, H. (2012). ",[313,1012,1014],{"href":595,"rel":1013},[317],[272,1015,1016],{},"医学翻译错误及其潜在临床后果：专业翻译员与临时翻译员与无翻译员的比较。"," 《急诊医学年鉴》，60(5)，545–553。",[387,1019,1020,1021,1027],{},"Flores, G., 等人。 (2003). ",[313,1022,1024],{"href":664,"rel":1023},[317],[272,1025,1026],{},"儿科接触中医学翻译错误及其潜在临床后果。"," 《儿科学》，111(1)，6–14。",[263,1029,1030],{},[266,1031,1032],{},"商业",[384,1034,1035],{},[387,1036,1037],{},"《经济学人》智库。 (2012). 《跨越边界竞争：文化和沟通障碍如何影响商业》。由EF英孚教育赞助。",[263,1039,1040],{},[266,1041,1042],{},"人口",[384,1044,1045,1048],{},[387,1046,1047],{},"Crystal, D. (2003). 《英语作为全球语言》（第2版）。剑桥大学出版社。",[387,1049,1050,1051,1056],{},"EF英孚教育。 ",[313,1052,1054],{"href":315,"rel":1053},[317],[272,1055,318],{},"（年度）。",[263,1058,1059],{},"— The Mind.com Team",[263,1061,1062],{},[266,1063,1064],{},"航空在2008年就说过了。医学二十年来一直在统计。会议室是最后一个还在假装\"凑合够用\"就够用的房间。",{"title":1066,"searchDepth":26,"depth":31,"links":1067},"",[1068,1069,1070,1071,1072,1077,1078,1079,1080,1081],{"id":300,"depth":26,"text":301},{"id":342,"depth":26,"text":343},{"id":414,"depth":26,"text":415},{"id":472,"depth":26,"text":473},{"id":502,"depth":26,"text":503,"children":1073},[1074,1075,1076],{"id":510,"depth":31,"text":511},{"id":577,"depth":31,"text":578},{"id":670,"depth":31,"text":670},{"id":692,"depth":26,"text":693},{"id":731,"depth":26,"text":732},{"id":802,"depth":26,"text":803},{"id":842,"depth":26,"text":842},{"id":885,"depth":26,"text":885},"特内里费和阿维安卡事故后，航空监管机构强制要求实施相关规定。医学文献将其量化到每次患者接触的错误计数。四十年的国际商业研究记录了会议室中的同一机制。为什么对共同语言的部分流利程度比完全没有共同语言更糟糕——有数据为证。","md",{"date":1085,"image":1086,"authors":1087,"badge":1090},"2026-05-25","/blog/false-fluency-trap.svg",[1088],{"name":1089},"The Mind.com Team","Research",{"title":221,"description":1082},"BPN_hRWNo8RRjjcMepIIzIYP8ZLHzGjWEO9ANTe3V34",{"page":1094,"surround":1631},{"id":250,"title":221,"body":1095,"description":1082,"extension":1083,"icon":21,"meta":1627,"navigation":21,"path":222,"screenshots":21,"seo":1630,"stem":223,"__hash__":1092},{"type":252,"value":1096,"toc":1611},[1097,1099,1113,1119,1121,1123,1127,1134,1140,1142,1144,1146,1148,1155,1161,1166,1168,1178,1184,1186,1188,1190,1197,1207,1209,1218,1220,1222,1224,1226,1234,1236,1238,1240,1242,1244,1255,1266,1277,1281,1283,1289,1294,1296,1326,1332,1337,1339,1341,1345,1349,1351,1353,1355,1359,1373,1377,1379,1381,1392,1394,1396,1414,1420,1422,1424,1426,1442,1446,1448,1450,1452,1468,1472,1474,1476,1478,1480,1484,1535,1539,1562,1566,1582,1586,1590,1594,1605,1607],[255,1098,258],{"id":257},[260,1100,1101,1105,1111],{},[263,1102,1103],{},[266,1104,268],{},[263,1106,1107,275,1109,279],{},[272,1108,274],{},[272,1110,278],{},[263,1112,282],{},[263,1114,285,1115,289,1117,293],{},[272,1116,288],{},[272,1118,292],{},[295,1120],{},[298,1122,301],{"id":300},[263,1124,304,1125,308],{},[266,1126,307],{},[263,1128,311,1129,319,1132,323],{},[313,1130,318],{"href":315,"rel":1131},[317],[272,1133,322],{},[263,1135,326,1136,330,1138,334],{},[266,1137,329],{},[272,1139,333],{},[263,1141,337],{},[295,1143],{},[298,1145,343],{"id":342},[263,1147,346],{},[263,1149,349,1150,353,1152,359],{},[266,1151,352],{},[313,1153,358],{"href":356,"rel":1154},[317],[263,1156,362,1157,366,1159,370],{},[272,1158,365],{},[272,1160,369],{},[263,1162,373,1163,379],{},[313,1164,378],{"href":376,"rel":1165},[317],[263,1167,382],{},[384,1169,1170,1172,1174,1176],{},[387,1171,389],{},[387,1173,392],{},[387,1175,395],{},[387,1177,398],{},[263,1179,401,1180,405,1182,409],{},[266,1181,404],{},[272,1183,408],{},[295,1185],{},[298,1187,415],{"id":414},[263,1189,418],{},[263,1191,421,1192,427,1195,431],{},[313,1193,426],{"href":424,"rel":1194},[317],[272,1196,430],{},[263,1198,434,1199,353,1201,443,1204,449],{},[266,1200,437],{},[313,1202,442],{"href":440,"rel":1203},[317],[313,1205,448],{"href":446,"rel":1206},[317],[263,1208,452],{},[263,1210,455,1211,459,1213,379,1216],{},[272,1212,458],{},[313,1214,464],{"href":462,"rel":1215},[317],[266,1217,467],{},[295,1219],{},[298,1221,473],{"id":472},[263,1223,476],{},[263,1225,479],{},[263,1227,482,1228,486,1230,490,1232,494],{},[272,1229,485],{},[266,1231,489],{},[272,1233,493],{},[263,1235,497],{},[295,1237],{},[298,1239,503],{"id":502},[263,1241,506],{},[508,1243,511],{"id":510},[263,1245,1246,517,1248,521,1250,525,1252,379],{},[266,1247,516],{},[272,1249,520],{},[272,1251,524],{},[313,1253,530],{"href":528,"rel":1254},[317],[263,1256,1257,536,1259,540,1261,544,1263,379],{},[266,1258,535],{},[272,1260,539],{},[272,1262,543],{},[313,1264,549],{"href":547,"rel":1265},[317],[263,1267,1268,555,1270,559,1272,563,1274,379],{},[266,1269,554],{},[266,1271,558],{},[266,1273,562],{},[313,1275,568],{"href":566,"rel":1276},[317],[263,1278,571,1279],{},[272,1280,574],{},[508,1282,578],{"id":577},[263,1284,581,1285,585,1287,589],{},[272,1286,584],{},[272,1288,588],{},[263,1290,592,1291,379],{},[313,1292,597],{"href":595,"rel":1293},[317],[263,1295,600],{},[384,1297,1298,1302,1306,1312],{},[387,1299,605,1300,609],{},[266,1301,608],{},[387,1303,1304],{},[266,1305,614],{},[387,1307,617,1308,621,1310,609],{},[266,1309,620],{},[266,1311,624],{},[387,1313,1314,630,1316,634,1318,638,1320,634,1322,645,1324,609],{},[266,1315,629],{},[266,1317,633],{},[266,1319,637],{},[266,1321,641],{},[266,1323,644],{},[266,1325,641],{},[263,1327,650,1328,654,1330,658],{},[266,1329,653],{},[272,1331,657],{},[263,1333,661,1334,667],{},[313,1335,666],{"href":664,"rel":1336},[317],[508,1338,670],{"id":670},[263,1340,673],{},[263,1342,676,1343,680],{},[272,1344,679],{},[263,1346,683,1347,687],{},[272,1348,686],{},[295,1350],{},[298,1352,693],{"id":692},[263,1354,696],{},[263,1356,1357,702],{},[266,1358,701],{},[384,1360,1361,1365,1369],{},[387,1362,1363],{},[266,1364,709],{},[387,1366,1367],{},[266,1368,714],{},[387,1370,1371],{},[266,1372,719],{},[263,1374,722,1375,726],{},[272,1376,725],{},[295,1378],{},[298,1380,732],{"id":731},[263,1382,735,1383,738,1385,744,1388,748,1390,751],{},[266,1384,292],{},[313,1386,743],{"href":741,"rel":1387},[317],[272,1389,747],{},[266,1391,485],{},[263,1393,754],{},[263,1395,757],{},[759,1397,1398,1404,1410],{},[387,1399,1400,766,1402,770],{},[266,1401,765],{},[272,1403,769],{},[387,1405,1406,776,1408,780],{},[266,1407,775],{},[272,1409,779],{},[387,1411,1412,786],{},[266,1413,785],{},[263,1415,789,1416,793,1418,797],{},[272,1417,792],{},[272,1419,796],{},[295,1421],{},[298,1423,803],{"id":802},[263,1425,806],{},[384,1427,1428,1432,1438],{},[387,1429,1430,814],{},[266,1431,813],{},[387,1433,1434,820,1436,824],{},[266,1435,819],{},[272,1437,823],{},[387,1439,1440,830],{},[266,1441,829],{},[263,1443,833,1444,837],{},[272,1445,836],{},[295,1447],{},[298,1449,842],{"id":842},[263,1451,845],{},[759,1453,1454,145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团队的最新消息和更新。",{"title":225,"path":226,"stem":227,"description":1635,"children":-1},"每个供应商都会给出一个语言数量。我们无法这样做，因为翻译并非单一产品。以下是 InterMIND 各界面的细分——哪些被筛选、原因以及我们在网站上发布的内容。"]